:: wikimiki.org ::
| Swanky Kong |
Swanky KongSwanky Kong is a Rare-created member of the Kong family, along with Donkey Kong.
Swanky Kong appears in both Donkey Kong Country 2 and Donkey Kong Country 3, in both you can play games with him for prizes. In Donkey Kong Country 2, he ran a quiz show on Crocodile Isle. After the Kremling island was destroyed though, he found another way to make a living, which lead to his running of an on-the-road throwing contest in a circus tent.
Swanky was altogether absent in Donkey Kong 64. However, the tent where he held his throwing contest in DKC3 made a surprise appearance in Mario Superstar Baseball.
Kong, Swanky
Category:Kongs
Rare (video game company)
Rare Ltd., is a UK-based video game development company. It was founded in 1982 by brothers Tim and Chris Stamper. Rare was a second-party developer for the Nintendo gaming platforms for several years, but in 2002 was acquired by Microsoft (see GAMEY). In 2005, the company's "Rareware" logo (which had been used since 1994) was discontinued and was replaced by a newer, similar logo with the name "Rare".
The company is notable for having created an unusually large number of original hit games, and for the company's price tag: Microsoft paid US$377 million for the company, a record for a video game developer.
Rare was originally called Ashby Computer Graphics (ACG), and developed games for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum as "Ultimate: Play The Game".
Company overview
ZX Spectrum
Rare is located in Twycross, England and is the company behind many of the most famous games for Nintendo's various gaming systems: Battletoads, Donkey Kong Country (and its sequels), Killer Instinct, Banjo-Kazooie, Banjo-Tooie, GoldenEye 007, Perfect Dark, Conker's Bad Fur Day, Diddy Kong Racing, Donkey Kong 64, Jet Force Gemini, and Star Fox Adventures.
Its games have always employed some of the latest graphics technology. One of its most critically acclaimed and popular series was the Donkey Kong Country series on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, due to its use of pre-rendered 3D graphics on a 2D console. GoldenEye 007 for the Nintendo 64 is considered by many to be their biggest success, known even today as one of the gold standards for console first-person shooters, eventually selling over eight million copies. Rareware's Killer Instinct added several features to the fighting game genre such as autodouble combos, combo linkers and ultra combos.
Key members of the GoldenEye development team left Rare soon after beginning work on Perfect Dark. Head of Software Martin Hollis was the first to leave in 1998, working at Nintendo of America on the GameCube, and in 2000 he started his own company, Zoonami. Other members such as David Doak left soon after he did and formed Free Radical Design.
Up from the end of 2000 people from Activision and Microsoft visited Rare. In November 2001 Microsoft trademarked the name It's Mr. Pants, the name of a game which was released three years later. In September 2002, the Stamper brothers sold their 51% interest in Rare to Microsoft; following this, Nintendo sold their 49% stake in the company as well. Microsoft paid a total of $377 million for the company. Because of this, Rare is now a first-party developer for Microsoft's Xbox and its sucessors. The trademarks of the characters from the games that Rare made for Nintendo consoles (such as Conker of Conker's Bad Fur Day) were retained by Rare (apart from IP originally developed by Nintendo, i.e. Donkey Kong and Star Fox). Despite the acquisition, Rare still develops games for Game Boy Advance, and is now also developing for the Nintendo DS. Rare has never developed for Sony platforms.
Between 2000 and the final acquisition of Rare Ltd. more than 50 people left the company. After the acquisition was complete, at least 30 more left. Commentators have noted that Rare's first Xbox title, Grabbed by the Ghoulies, is the company's biggest flop to date.
August 2003 brought news that Rare and Microsoft had made a deal with THQ to publish Rare's Game Boy Advance games, which as of December 2004 have included Sabre Wulf, a game based on its Ultimate character, Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge, a "midquel" to the two Nintendo 64 games, and It's Mr. Pants!, a puzzle game that was originally developed as "Donkey Kong: Coconut Crackers", and featured the company's unofficial mascot. January 2005 saw the completion of this deal, with the release of Banjo Pilot (which prior to being aquired by MS, was in development as "Diddy Kong Pilot"). Rare also ported and extended the Donkey Kong Country series, which was published by Nintendo.
In February of 2004, gaming news sites reported that negotiations were ongoing between Nintendo and Microsoft for Microsoft to acquire Rare's characters and trademarks from Nintendo. According to various articles, Microsoft has reportedly offered Nintendo approximately $20.2 million for the trademarks and characters. As of 2005, it is unknown if Nintendo accepted Microsoft's $20.2 million offer.
In July 2005, Rare confirmed it was developing at least one game for the new handheld Nintendo DS.
Success of games
Rare has in general found large success in its games. The "golden era" of Rare games began with the 1994 release of Donkey Kong Country, which re-started the Donkey Kong franchise, not to mention employing pioneering graphics and sound that allowed the SNES to beat off the competition from the Sega Genesis. From that point on, Rare were seen as Nintendo's primary support, as they continued to produce excellent games for Nintendo even when Nintendo's market share was at an all-time low.
Almost all of the games Rare released for the Nintendo 64 were met with huge critical acclaim, including the highly acclaimed shooter GoldenEye 007 and Donkey Kong 64, which was the Donkey Kong equivalent of Super Mario 64. However, some of Rare's less mainstream games, including Jet Force Gemini and Blast Corps were not very successful commercially, despite recognition from critics and a cult fanbase as equally well-designed games. Most Nintendo fans during the N64 period would argue that the console largely survived its many problems because of Rare's continued output of games, as they were very popular, and many people bought N64 consoles just to play Rare games. Without these games, it's likely that Nintendo could not have kept the Nintendo 64 going, as their in-house titles, like The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, took a long time to develop.
Despite this success, Rare were frustrated with the limited success Nintendo could provide; the N64 remained a much poorer seller than Sony's PlayStation, and was constantly criticised by the mainstream market. Rare's much anticipated game, Perfect Dark, did not sell as well as expected, due to its release towards the end of the N64's life. Nintendo sold their stock in Rare to Microsoft shortly into the life of the Nintendo GameCube. Some Nintendo fans were crushed by this news, as they feared that the GameCube could not survive without Rare, and that the advantage that Microsoft would gain could result in Nintendo's departure from console marketing. Some fans also believed that Rare's move to Microsoft might have been spurred by Rare's planned "Dinosaur Planet" game being converted into Star Fox Adventures, based on the idea that mascots sell more money. However, the conversion was in fact, a mutual agreement between the two companies, since Nintendo was planning a Star Fox adventure game of their own (i.e., Rare was never "forced" to use the Star Fox license for their game).
However, Rare only ever released two games for the Xbox, Conker: Live & Reloaded and Grabbed by the Ghoulies, both of which sold poorly, and none of the games it has continued to develop for the Game Boy Advance have matched the success of Rare's N64 output. The most popular GBA games from Rare are ports of their classic-era Donkey Kong titles, which Rare can no longer produce, as Nintendo holds the rights to the characters.
Future
The next generation of consoles is key for Rare. Xbox 360 is reliant on Rare games for its launch, including Perfect Dark Zero, a prequel to Nintendo 64's Perfect Dark, which had originally been planned for the Gamecube and Xbox. If the Xbox 360 sells poorly, Rare will find themselves in a worse position than they were with Nintendo, since the company's only Xbox games, Grabbed by the Ghoulies and Conker: Live and Reloaded, have sold poorly. If, however, the Xbox 360 becomes successful, Rare could recapture its former glory of the days of the Nintendo 64.
After supporting the Game Boy Advance, Rare currently has at least 2 secret Nintendo DS games in the works.
List of games
The company traded first as Ashby Computer Graphics (A.C.G.) and later, more famously, as Ultimate Play The Game. It was responsible for some of the most innovative and graphically impressive games of the period, notably pioneering isometric projection in titles such as Knight Lore and Alien 8.
Some of the Ultimate games are linked together in the Sabre Man series, consisting of Sabre Wulf, Underwurlde, Knight Lore, Pentagram and Mire Mare (never released). Sabre Man later also made an appearance in Killer Instinct and Banjo-Tooie by Rare.
- Jetpac (ZX Spectrum, BBC, Vic 20) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Atic Atac (ZX Spectrum) - Ultimate Play The Game
- PSSST (ZX Spectrum) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Tranz Am (ZX Spectrum) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Cookie (ZX Spectrum) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Lunar Jetman (ZX Spectrum, BBC) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Sabre Wulf (ZX Spectrum, C64, Amstrad, BBC) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Knight Lore (ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, BBC, MSX) - Ultimate Play The Game
- The Staff of Karnath (C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Underwurlde (ZX Spectrum, C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Alien 8 (ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, BBC, MSX) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Entombed (C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Blackwyche (C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Nightshade (ZX Spectrum, C64, Amstrad, BBC, MSX) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Pentagram (ZX Spectrum, MSX) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Outlaws (C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Cosmic Battlezones (BBC) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Cyberun (ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, MSX) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Dragonskulle (C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Gunfright (ZX Spectrum, Amstrad, MSX) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Imhotep (C64) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Martianoids (ZX Spectrum, Amstrad) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Bubbler (ZX Spectrum, Amstrad) - Ultimate Play The Game
- Slalom (NES) - Nintendo
- The Collected Works (ZX Spectrum) - Ultimate Play The Game
- R.C. Pro-Am (NES) - Nintendo
- Wheel of Fortune (NES) - GameTek
- Jeopardy! (NES) - GameTek
- Anticipation (NES) - Nintendo
- Marble Madness (NES port of the arcade game by Atari Games) - Milton Bradley
- World Games (NES) - Milton Bradley
- WWF Wrestlemania (NES) - Acclaim
- Sesame Street 123 (NES) - Hi Tech
- John Elway’s Quarterback (NES) - Tradewest
- California Games (NES port of the PC game by Epyx) - Milton Bradley
- Taboo (NES) - Tradewest
- Wizards & Warriors (NES) - Acclaim
- Sesame Street ABC (NES) - Hi Tech
- Hollywood Squares (NES) - Gametek
- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (NES) - LJN
- Jordan vs. Bird: One on One (NES) - Milton Bradley
- Cobra Triangle (NES) - Nintendo
- Ironsword: Wizards & Warriors II (NES) - Acclaim
- Wheel of Fortune Junior Edition (NES) - Gametek
- Jeopardy! Junior Edition (NES) - Gametek
- Silent Service (NES port of the PC game by Microprose) - Ultra Games
- Double Dare (NES) - GameTek
- Wheel of Fortune Family Edition (NES) - GameTek
- Jeopardy! 25th Anniversary Edition (NES) - GameTek
- The Amazing Spider-Man (Game Boy) - LJN
- Captain Skyhawk (NES) - Milton Bradley
- Pin Bot (NES port of the pinball game by Williams) - Nintendo
- Snake Rattle 'n' Roll (NES) - Nintendo
- Super Off Road (NES port of the arcade game by Leland) - Tradewest
- Wizards & Warriors X: Fortress of Fear (Game Boy) - Acclaim
- Narc (NES port of the arcade game by Williams) - Acclaim
- A Nightmare on Elm Street (NES) - LJN
- Super Glove Ball (NES) - Mattel
- Cabal (NES port of the arcade game by Seibu Kaihatsu) - Milton Bradley
- Time Lord (NES) - Milton Bradley
- Arch Rivals (NES port of the arcade game by Midway) - Acclaim
- WWF Wrestlemania Challenge (NES) - LJN
- Solar Jetman (NES sequel to Jetpac and Lunar Jetman) - Tradewest
- Digger T. Rock (NES) - Milton Bradley
- WWF Superstars (Game Boy) - LJN
- Battletoads (NES, Game Boy) - Tradewest
- Beetlejuice (NES) - LJN
- Super R.C. Pro-Am (Game Boy) - Nintendo
- High Speed (NES port of the pinball game by Williams) - Tradewest
- Sneaky Snakes(Game Boy) - Tradewest
- Sesame Street ABC & 123 (NES) - Hi Tech
- Pirates! (NES port of the PC game) - Ultra Games
- Wizards & Warriors III: Visions of Power (NES) - Acclaim
- Beetlejuice (Game Boy) - LJN
- Indy Heat (NES) - Tradewest
- R.C. Pro-Am II (NES) - Tradewest
- Championship Pro-Am (Mega Drive) - Tradewest
- Battletoads (Mega Drive, Game Gear) - Tradewest
- Battletoads & Double Dragon (NES, SNES, Mega Drive, Game Boy) - Tradewest
- Battletoads in Ragnarok’s World (Game Boy) - Tradewest
- Battletoads in Battlemaniacs (SNES) - Tradewest
- X The Ball (Arcade) - Capcom/Brent Walker/tecmo
- Snake Rattle 'n' Roll (Mega Drive) - Sega/Tradewest
- Monster Max (Game Boy) - Titus
- Super Battletoads (Arcade) - Electronic Arts
- Donkey Kong Country (SNES) - Nintendo
- Killer Instinct (Arcade) - Williams
- Donkey Kong Land (Game Boy) - Nintendo
- Killer Instinct (SNES, Game Boy) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong-Quest (SNES) - Nintendo
- Killer Instinct 2 (Arcade) - Williams
- Ken Griffey Jr's Winning Run (SNES) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong Land 2 (Game Boy) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! (SNES) - Nintendo
- Killer Instinct Gold (N64) - Nintendo
- Blast Corps (N64) - Nintendo
- GoldenEye 007 (N64) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong Land III (Game Boy) - Nintendo
- Diddy Kong Racing (N64) - Rare
- Banjo-Kazooie (N64) - Nintendo
- Conker's Pocket Tales (GBC) - Nintendo
- Jet Force Gemini (N64) - Rare
- Donkey Kong 64 (N64) - Nintendo
- Mickey’s Racing Adventure (GBC) - Nintendo
2000s
- Perfect Dark (N64, GBC) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong Country (GBC) - Nintendo
- Mickey's Speedway USA (N64) - Nintendo
- Banjo-Tooie (N64) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong GB: Dixie and Kiddy Kong (GBC) - Nintendo (Japan-only colorized Donkey Kong Land III)
- Mickey's Speedway USA (GBC) - Nintendo
- Conker's Bad Fur Day (N64) - Rare
- Star Fox Adventures (GameCube) - Nintendo
- Donkey Kong Country (GBA) - Nintendo
- Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge (GBA) - THQ
- Grabbed by the Ghoulies (Xbox) - Microsoft
- Sabre Wulf (GBA) - THQ
- Donkey Kong Country 2 (GBA) - Nintendo
- It's Mr. Pants (GBA) - THQ
- Banjo-Pilot (GBA) - THQ
- Conker: Live & Reloaded (Xbox) - Microsoft
- Donkey Kong Country 3 (Game Boy Advance) - Nintendo
- Kameo: Elements of Power (Xbox 360)
- Perfect Dark Zero (Xbox 360) - Microsoft
In Development
- Banjo-Kazooie 3 (Check the page for all the info, and rumored material)
- Two secret Nintendo DS titles (Nintendo DS)
- Two secret Xbox 360 titles (Xbox 360), to be unveiled in 2006
External links
- [http://www.rareware.com Official Rare website]
- [http://www.rare-extreme.com Rare-Extreme], a Rare fansite with exculsive information, media, and webforum.
- [http://www.rarenet.com RareNet], first ever Rare fansite
- [http://rarefare.theextremenetwork.com Rarefare], a Rare fansite with all the latest media, information, and news
- [http://www.ultimate-wurlde.com/ Ultimate Wurlde], a Rare fansite
- [http://www.mundorare.com/ Mundo Rare], a Rare fansite (spanish)
- [http://dmoz.org/Games/Video_Games/Developers_and_Publishers/R/Rare/ Open Directory Project listing]
- [http://www.rarewitchproject.com/ The Rarewitch Project], an infamous Rare fansite specializing in unlocking Rare game secrets. Also contains Beta Image codes and Reviews
Category:Computer and video game companies
Category:British video game companies
ja:レア社
Donkey Kong:For the original arcade game called Donkey Kong, see Donkey Kong (arcade game). For the 1994 Game Boy game, see Donkey Kong (Game Boy game).
Donkey Kong (Japanese: ドンã‚ーコング), often shortened to 'DK', is a gorilla character from Nintendo that appeared in many video games since 1981. Like many Nintendo franchises, Donkey Kong was created by Shigeru Miyamoto.
Shigeru Miyamoto
History
Donkey Kong was created when Shigeru Miyamoto was assigned by Nintendo to convert Radar Scope, a poor selling arcade game in the U.S., into a game that would appeal more to Americans. The result was a major breakthrough for Nintendo and for the videogame industry. It was likely the first game with a "hero", a "villain", and a "damsel in distress". Sales of the machine were brisk, with the game becoming one of the best-selling arcade machines of the early 1980s. The gameplay itself was a large improvement over other games of its time, and with the growing base of arcades to sell to, it was able to gain huge distribution.
MCA Universal sued Nintendo over copyright violations, claiming that Donkey Kong was a copy of King Kong. If victorious, this lawsuit would have crushed Nintendo of America, and the history of videogames would have been drastically altered. Nintendo's lawyer, Howard Lincoln, who would go on to become a Senior Vice President of the company, discovered that Universal didn't own the copyright to King Kong either, and was able to not only win the lawsuit, but got Universal to pay the legal costs; ironically, it was MCA Universal that previously won a lawsuit declaring King Kong was in the public domain. This incident earned the #20 spot in GameSpy's [http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/index.shtml The 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming].
Due to the huge success of Donkey Kong, Nintendo of America was able to grow and release many more games in succeeding years, and had the resources necessary to release the NES in the USA.
Overview
The name was chosen by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto as a combination of the word "Kong", since the movie King Kong had caused it 'to colloquially mean monkey' in Japan. According to [http://www.snopes.com/business/misxlate/donkeykong.asp Snopes], "Donkey", was chosen because Miyamoto intended it "to convey a sense of stubbornness." Various incorrect stories exist surrounding the name, which have also been declared false by the well known Urban Legend site [http://www.snopes.com/business/misxlate/donkeykong.asp Snopes].
In the original Donkey Kong game, the player's character, "Mario" (originally called Jumpman in Japan) must jump over barrels thrown by Donkey Kong while climbing ladders up a crooked construction site to reach the top of the screen to rescue his girlfriend Pauline (who was originally called Lady in Japan). Each screen is a game stage, with stages grouping to form levels. As the player advances through each level, the degree of difficulty increases proportionately.
This game was first released in the arcades, but was ported to home video game consoles and home computers. The game was also sold as a portable LCD game (1982) by Nintendo.
The game was quite revolutionary for its time, featuring multiple, distinct levels, large colorful graphics, and a unique form of play control.
Sequels and spin-offs
Donkey Kong spawned two sequels, neither of which were as popular as the original arcade hit. In Donkey Kong Junior Donkey Kong was kidnapped by Mario and players had to control his son Donkey Kong Jr. to rescue him. In Donkey Kong 3 DK broke into a greenhouse and got chased out by Stanley the Bugman, who carried a spray can to protect his greenhouse from Donkey Kong's insects. In 1994, Nintendo produced a remake of the original game for the Game Boy (known under the informal title of "Donkey Kong '94" to disambiguate it from the original) which contained 97 new stages (most of which were puzzle-oriented) in addition to the original four from the Arcade game. Donkey Kong's and Pauline's respective character designs were updated for this game (DK now wore a tie and Pauline was made into a brunette to distinguish her from Peach).
Shortly after that, he appeared in Donkey Kong Country (in Japan, Super Donkey Kong). Donkey Kong Country was an entirely new DK franchise established by the British company Rareware which took the Donkey Kong premise in an entirely new direction. Severing DK's ties to the Mario world (until Mario Kart 64), Donkey Kong Country established a whole new world for DK, and became a showcase title to show off then-revolutionary 3D CGI graphics.
In Donkey Kong Country, DK was the hero and he and his sidekick Diddy Kong had to save his hoard of bananas from the thieving King K. Rool and his Kremling Krew. The game was an action sidescrolling title similar to the Mario games and was enormously popular for its graphics, music and gameplay. Some sources, such as Nintendo Power, suggest that the Donkey Kong in the Country series was the son of Cranky Kong, the original Donkey Kong from the arcade game, which would equate him with Donkey Kong Junior. Other sources, including the manual of Donkey Kong Country1 and in-game dialogue from other games in the series, suggest that the Donkey Kong in Donkey Kong Country is Cranky's grandson and the son of Donkey Kong Junior.
This is also contradicted by the in-game dialogue from Donkey Kong 64, as Cranky specifically calls DK his son. Rareware released an official statement some time ago, stating that Cranky is indeed the DK of the arcades and that the current Donkey Kong is DK Jr. In Issue No.8 of the Nintendo Online Magazine in Nintendo's Japanese website ([http://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0002/index.html]), it is stated that the current Donkey Kong is Cranky's grandson (who is confirmed to be the original Donkey Kong in the same issue) and list Junior as a separate character. However, DK's biographies in the Super Smash Bros. games contradict this, calling DK the one true original. As is the case with the multiple Links and Zeldas in the Legend of Zelda series, the player really has no choice but to ignore all given stories and form their own personal conclusions as to which character is who.
Sequels and adaptations soon followed. A computer generated animated television series that lasted 40 episodes was produced by a French animation studio, released in North America as simply Donkey Kong Country.
The official sequel, Donkey Kong Country 2 (Super Donkey Kong 2) involves Donkey being kidnapped by King K. Rool (now Kaptain K. Rool) and getting rescued by Diddy Kong and his girlfriend Dixie Kong, in a less cheery and a more darkly-themed game.
In Donkey Kong Country 3 (in Japan, Super Donkey Kong 3) he and Diddy both got kidnapped, and Dixie and her cousin Kiddy Kong had to save them in the final game of the series for the SNES.
The Donkey Kong Land series for the Game Boy were smaller and slightly modified versions of the "Country" games.
A successful Nintendo 64 sequel was also developed. In Donkey Kong 64 DK once again had the starring role as he joined forces with Diddy Kong, Tiny Kong, Lanky Kong, and Chunky Kong to save Donkey Kong Island from destruction at the hand of the Kremlings.
A demo for a Donkey Kong game on the GameCube, Nintendo's 128 bit console, was shown at SpaceWorld 2001. The game was called Donkey Kong Racing and showed various characters, including Donkey Kong, Diddy Kong, and Taj the Genie racing on Ellie, Expresso, Rambi, Enguard, and Zinger, and presumably, Necky, Army, and Chomps Jr. that had been introduced in previous Donkey Kong games by Rare. Following the sale of Rare to Microsoft in 2002, Rare announced that they were concentrating their efforts on Xbox games, although they have continued to support Nintendo's portable consoles, the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS. This decision will have taken in to account the fact that Microsoft do not have their own portable console in direct competition. No further information about Donkey Kong Racing has since been released, leading the game to be classed as cancelled.
Donkey Konga was released for the GameCube in 2004. Created by Namco, this musical rhythm action game relied upon used of a konga drum peripheral (purchasable separately or included, depending on the package) to hit a beat in time with the tune. The tunes included pop songs and themes from some previous Nintendo games. A sequel, Donkey Konga 2, was released in 2005 and Donkey Konga 3 was released in Japan in the same year.
Donkey Kong: Jungle Beat was released in Japan in December 2004 and elsewhere in 2005 where Donkey Kong fights Dread Kong, Ninja Kong, Karate Kong, and Sumo Kong. This platform game used the aforementioned konga drums as a controller- tapping one drum repeatedly made Donkey Kong run, tapping the other made him jump. Clapping or blowing in to the microphone caused an explosion, shown by a ripple in the screen, attracting assorted jewels or clearing obstacles to progress. A standard Gamecube controller could be used instead of the konga drums.
Nintendo's first title after Rare left was Mario vs. Donkey Kong, a return to the earlier arcade-style games. While its style was that of the original games, the Rare-design for Donkey Kong carried over.
Mario Kart 64 reintroduced DK to Mario's world, and since then, he's appeared in every outing featuring Mario's all-star cast, including the other Kart games, the sports titles, the Mario Party series (only playable in 1-4, after which he was relegated to being an incidental character on the game board), most of the Game & Watch Gallery games, and the two crossover games Super Smash Bros. and Super Smash Bros. Melee. In nearly all of these games, Donkey Kong is presented as a powerful but slow and cumbersome character. Donkey Kong is slated for several games on the Nintendo GameCube and the Game Boy Advance.
While still under Rare's influence, numerous spin-offs of Donkey Kong were created. Diddy Kong Racing, released in 1997, guest-starred Banjo of the Banjo-Kazooie games and Conker the Squirrel of Conker's Bad Fur Day and Conker's Pocket Tales. While Diddy Kong Racing was these characters' first appearance in a game, they were already famous for being in development with the first installments of their own highly anticipated franchises (the instruction manual even describes them as taking a break from their own games in order to assist Diddy on his quest), and therefore cannot be said to be part of the Mario/Donkey Kong universe. Donkey Kong: Coconut Crackers was originally developed by Rare for the Game Boy Advance, but was eventually released as It's Mr. Pants after the Microsoft purchase. Likewise, a GBA racing game called Diddy Kong Pilot was transformed into Banjo Pilot.
Anime
CG animated cartoon "Donkey Kong (DONKEY KONG)" of the U.S.-made work to which the character that appeared in the Donkey Kong Country series performed was broadcast in TV Tokyo in 1999.
Other characters
- Diddy Kong
- Dixie Kong
- Lanky Kong
- Tiny Kong
- Chunky Kong
- Kiddy Kong
See also
- Donkey Kong cameos
External links
- [http://www.klov.com/game_detail.php?letter=D&game_id=7610 The Killer List of Video Games entry on the original Donkey Kong]
- [http://www.mobygames.com/game_group/sheet/gameGroupId,502/ MobyGames entry on the Donkey Kong consumer games]
- [http://www.donkeykongcountry.com/ Nintendo's official Donkey Kong Country website]
- [http://www.donkeykonga.com/ Nintendo's official Donkey Konga website]
- [http://www.dkvine.com/ Donkey Kong Universe - A fansite that links Donkey Kong to other video game franchises like Banjo-Kazooie and Conker]
- [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2004/11/23/news_6113928.html Nintendo's announcement of Donkey Konga 3]
- [http://biboz.net/juegos/donkey-kong/ Donkey Kong Flash game]
- [http://web.archive.org/web/20000510124642/www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/donky.html Donkey Kong Anime website: using Web Archive]
- [http://www.classicgaming.com/dkdb/ Donkey Kong Database]
- [http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/dk_history/ The History of Donkey Kong]
Kong, Donkey
Kong, Donkey
Category:Smash Bros. fighters
Kong, Donkey
Kong, Donkey
Category:Kongs
ja:ドンã‚ーコング
Donkey Kong 64
Donkey Kong 64 is an adventure/platform video game developed by Rareware for the Nintendo 64. DK64 was published by Nintendo and released on November 22, 1999. The game is one of two for the Nintendo 64 that require the use of the Expansion Pak in order to function (Zelda: Majora's Mask was the other game). The initial release of Donkey Kong 64 included the Expansion Pak with the game for free. Donkey Kong 64 would later become a Nintendo 64 Player's Choice. This game is a follow up to the Donkey Kong Country (Super Donkey Kong) trilogy on the Super Famicom/SNES.
Plot
The plot is a continuation from the DKC series, with many jokes (as is typical of Rareware). King K. Rool is trying to destroy the Kong's island with a large laser (revenge for his island's destruction in Donkey Kong Country 2), but it's malfunctioning. To buy some time, he captures a handful of Kongs and locks them up. Donkey Kong is the first to escape, and he sets off to rescue the others. He also must recover his stolen golden bananas. Together they try to defeat K. Rool, each using their special abilities.
Meet Up
When you meet Wrinkly Kong for the first time in this game, she says "Don't be afraid of me young ones! It's only me, Wrinkly Kong". Then she teaches you something in order to win a Golden Banana.
Characters
Wrinkly KongThere are 5 playable characters, which come available after being rescued:
Retro Characters
These are characters that appeared before Donkey Kong 64:
- Donkey Kong
- Diddy Kong
Debuted Characters
These are characters that first appeared in Donkey Kong 64:
- Lanky Kong
- Tiny Kong
- Chunky Kong
Other
Other NPCs include:
- Cranky Kong
- Funky Kong
- Candy Kong
- Wrinkly Kong
- Snide
- Squawks
- K. Lumsy
- Troff and Scoff
Levels
There are 8 large levels, as well as the massive overworld. Each level has 5 golden bananas and 100 regular bananas to collect for each of the 5 characters. They also each have their own boss to fight at the end. This means to complete the game 100% requires many hours.
The levels are:
- DK Isle - The game's overworld. It includes DK Isle, K. Rool's flagship, K. Lumsy's prison and fairy island. This is where you can access each of the game's 8 stages.
- Jungle Japes: The easiest stage in the game. It's a jungle made of several areas, all linked by a number of caves. There's also a large mine up in the mountains. Donkey Kong can transform into Rambi the Rhino in one part of the stage. Diddy Kong must be rescued here.
::Boss: Army Dillo
- Angry Aztec: A large desert-like area full of temples and blazing hot sand. Two of these temples are the prisons for Tiny and Lanky Kong; you'll need both D.K. and Diddy to free both of them. There's a llama that could also use saving.
::Boss: Dogadon
- Frantic Factory: A factory that manufactures deadly toys including Windup Kremlings, MechaZingers and animated dice and dominoes. You'll find Chunky, the last imprisoned Kong, in this stage; Lanky is needed to free him. You'll also find an arcade machine with the original Donkey Kong game from 1981.
::Boss: Mad Jack/Quack In The Box
- Gloomy Galleon: Like swimming? Cause you'll be doing a lot of it in this underwater stage full of sunken ships. There's also a lighthouse that needs to be lit and a seal that needs to be free. You can tinker with the water levels, which allows you to reach various areas throughout the stage, but sometimes they prevent you from reaching other areas. Lanky can transform into Enguarde the Swordfish in this stage.
::Boss: Pufftoss/Blowfish Baddie
- Fungi Forest: An enormous forest full of mushrooms (hence the name). This stage is much like Alice In Wonderland. There's an enormous clock in the main area which has the ability to turn day into night and vice-versa. Certain areas are only accessible during certain times of day, and some enemies are also affected by time. There's plenty of abandoned mills and barns to explore as well. To the Banana Porters, #1 leads to the Farm, #2 leads to the Vegetable Kingdom, #3 leads to the Fungi Kingdom and #4 leads to the area that has a ceiling of leaves.
::Boss: Dogadon 2
- Crystal Caves: A cave covered in ice. It's a dangerous place since there's a giant Kremling raining rocks down on the Kongs. Try to silence the overgrown Kremling before you do anything in this stage. There's also an igloo that can be visited with each Kong and for some strange reason, a large log cabin.
::Boss: Army Dillo 2
- Creepy Castle: The last normal level in the game. It's a somewhat haunted tower full of creepy corridors, catacombs and poorly dressed Kremling ghouls. The castle is suspended in midair so one false move and you'll take a nasty tumble. Other areas includes a library, a museum, a greenhouse, a garden shed and a ballroom. Kinda weird for a castle stage.
::Boss: King Kutout/Kardboard K. Rool
- Hideout Helm: The final level in the game. Your goal is to turn off the Blast-o-matic before it destroys DK Isle. Reaching the machine requires each kong's unique abilities and you'll also need these abilities to complete the minigames that power the machine. To make things difficult, the stage has a timer. It starts off at 10 minutes, but each blueprint you give Snide gives you one extra minute to complete the stage (40 blueprints = 50 minutes total). If the timer hits zero, it's Game Over and you'll have to start all over again.
::Boss: K. Rool, but you don't actually fight him here.
Gameplay
The main section of the game is the single-player experience, but there is also a multi-player mode.
Single-player
The game is a 3D adventure with strong platforming links, similar to that of Banjo Kazooie or Super Mario 64. Much of the gameplay involves collecting various items, such as coins, bananas, weapons, keys, fruits, and more. IGN described it as the most "collecting-ist" game ever. Thematically, Donkey Kong 64 is most like the original Donkey Kong Country, with the Sci-Fi and Pirate settings of the second and third games being largely omitted.
Unusual for its genre is the ability to buy and upgrade weapons for each character. They are able to fire both regular and homing ammo, and to throw orange grenades.
There are two unlockable mini-games - the Rambi Arena (a rhino) and the Enguarde Arena (a swordfish). There are also two unlockable arcade games - the original Donkey Kong and Jetpac.
Multi-player
This can be played by up to 4 players at one time. It features 3 arenas (and one special one) and 6 gameplay modes. The 5 playable characters from the single-player adventure are also used in the multi-player mode, along with one secret character, Krusha.
Game Modes
- Survival: Each player has a set amount of lives. Play continues until all players but one have been eliminated.
- Coin Hoard: Each player must collect coins from set locations. The player with the most coins at the end of the time limit wins.
- Wins: Similar to Survival, except that winning is based upon scoring a set amount of kills.
- Timer: Similar to Wins, except instead of a set amount of kills, a time limit is placed. The player with the most kills by the end of the match wins.
- Capture: A single coin is placed in the middle of the arena. The player who holds onto the coin the longest wins.
- Capture Pads: Players must carry the coin over pads to gain points.
Mysteries
- Donkey Kong 64 has several seemingly pointless features, which sparked rumors of secret extra modes when it came out. The most famous is a useless monkeyport linking to a pillar, but there are also unopenable doors and out-of-place pictures. Typically Rareware have refused to comment, but they have a history of putting in these features to amuse and intrigue the gamer, for instance the cheese in Perfect Dark.
- Many players believed there was a secret Lost World stage in Donkey Kong 64, since one was featured in Donkey Kong Country 2 and Donkey Kong Country 3. By now it is clear that no such stage exists.
- Some claimed the Kritter enemy was actually Krunch from Diddy Kong Racing. Although they both look identical (both wear a Skull biker jacket), the two are not related.
- Like Kritter, the Kasplat enemy was also believed to be Krusha from Donkey Kong Country. This is untrue since a real Krusha makes an appearance as a playable character in Multiplayer mode. This theory was most likely fueled by a mistake made in Prima's Donkey Kong 64 Strategy guides, where Kasplat was mistaken for Krusha.
- Donkey Kong's Treehouse was supposed to have a shower with Banjo-Kazooie on it. The shower was removed before the game was released.
The DK Rap
Unlike most Nintendo 64 games, the intro movie to the game featured a full-length song with vocals. This song, the "DK Rap", has become infamous among fans, equally loved and hated for its unabashedly campy quality, as well as the fact that it was the first-ever incidence of the word "hell" being spoken aloud in a Nintendo game.
The Lyrics:
Here - here - here we go:
So they're finally here, performing for you;
If you know the words, you can join in too;
Put your hands together if you wanna clap
As we take you through this monkey rap!
Huh! DK!! Donkey Kong!!
He's the leader of the bunch, you know him well;
He's finally back to kick some tail!
His coconut gun can fire in spurts,
If he shoots ya, it's gonna hurt!
He's bigger, faster and stronger too
He's the first member of the DK Crew!
Huh! DK!! Donkey Kong!!
DK!! Donkey Kong is here!!
This Kong's got style so listen up dudes
She can shrink in size to suit her mood!
She's quick and nimble when she needs to be
She can float through the air and climb up trees!
If you choose her, you'll not choose wrong
With a skip and a hop, she's one cool Kong!
Huh! DK!! Donkey Kong!!
He has no style, he has no grace;
This Kong has a funny face;
He can handstand when he needs to
And stretch his arms out just for you.
Inflate himself just like a balloon;
This crazy Kong just digs this tune!
Huh! DK!! Donkey Kong!!
DK!! Donkey Kong is here!!
He's back again and about time too
And this time, he's in the mood!
He can fly real high with his jetpack on;
With his pistols out, he's one tough Kong!
He'll make you smile when he plays his tune
But Kremlins beware 'cos he's after you!
Huh! DK!! Donkey Kong!!
Finally, he's here for you,
It's the last member of the DK Crew!
This Kong's so strong, it isn't funny
He can make a Kremlin cry out for his Mummy!
He can pick up a boulder with relative ease;
Makes crushin' rocks seem such a breeze;
He may move slow, he can't jump high;
But this Kong's one hell of a guy!
Huh! C'mon Cranky, take it to the fridge!
Walnuts, peanuts, pineapple smells;
Grapes, melons, oranges and coconut shells.
Oh yeah!!
Walnuts, peanuts, pineapple smells;
Grapes, melons, oranges and coconut shells.
Oh yeah!!
The DK Rap was used as background music in the Kongo Jungle level of Super Smash Bros. Melee, remixed with new vocals by James W. Norwood Jr.. In this version, the word "hell" is replaced with "heck", despite the fact that the game is rated T.
Sequels
Rareware was purchased by Microsoft in 2002, meaning they can no longer develop original games with the Donkey Kong franchise (although beginning in 2003 they began to port the Donkey Kong Country games over to the Game Boy Advance). Following this, the franchise branched off in multiple directions.
- Nintendo teamed up with Namco to make the musical drumming games Donkey Konga, Donkey Konga 2, and Donkey Konga 3 for the GameCube.
- Using the DK Bongos created for Donkey Konga, Nintendo's own NCL team created the GameCube's Donkey Kong Jungle Beat, a more Japanese take on the Donkey Kong Country series. While it was loosely based on the style of the DKC trilogy, Donkey Kong was the only character from those games to appear. Donkey Kong Jungle Beat was released in 2004.
- Japanese developer PAON created DK King of Swing for the Game Boy Advance, a more direct storyline sequel to Donkey Kong 64 and the titles that came before it. Instead of being a platformer, King of Swing involved jumping and swinging across hooks to advance through stages. King of Swing was released in 2005.
- Japanese developer Capcom is currently developing the arcade game Donkey Kong: Jungle Fever. The gameplay of the title is unknown but is thought to follow in the footsteps of Donkey Konga by Namco.
The Creators
- Development Team: George Andreas, Simon Craddick, Eveline Fischer, Matthew Grover, Brendan Gunn, Robert Harrison, Steven Horsburgh, Grant Kirkhope, Chris Peil, Neil Pryce, Mark Stevenson, Carl Tilley, Richard Vaucher, Andrew Wilson, Richard Wilson, Chris Woods
- Support Team: Kevin Bayliss, Robin Beanland, Edward Bryan, Johnni Christensen, Alistair Lindsay, Gregg Mayles, Steve Mayles, Don Murphy, Chris Seavor, Chris Sutherland, Chris Stamper, Tim Stamper
- Rare Testing: Ross Bullimore, Matthew Carter, Leonard Godfrey, Dale Murchie, Adam Munton, Luke Munton, Gary Phelps, Gavin Price, John Silke, Gareth Stevenson, Huw Ward, David Wong
- NOA Testing: Charlie Burgin, Tim Casey, Marc Doyal, Arnold Myers II, Chris Needham, Percy Taylor
- Special Thanks: Hiroshi Yamauchi, Shigeru Miyamoto, Howard Lincoln, Minoru Arakawa, Mike Fukuda, Gail Tilden, Michael Kelbaugh, Ken Lobb, Armond Williams, Kenji Miki, Keisuke Terasaki, Masashi Goto
Pre-Release
The working title of this game was Super Donkey Kong 64 for the Japanese version and Donkey Kong Country 64 for the North American and PAL European versions. Its final release was Donkey Kong 64 for a better name.
External links
- [http://ign64.ign.com/objects/000/000607.html?ui=gamefinder IGN]
- [http://www.totalgaming.com/dk64/ DK64 Central]
- [http://www.mobygames.com/game/donkey-kong-64 Donkey Kong 64 at MobyGames]
Category:Donkey Kong platform games
Category:Nintendo 64 games
Category:Rareware games
Category:1999 computer and video games
Mario Superstar Baseball
Mario Superstar Baseball, known in Japan as Super Mario Stadium Miracle Baseball (スーパーマリオスタジアムミラクルベースボール), is a video game that was developed by Namco and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube in 2005. The game was created in the vein of other Mario sports games such as Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour and Mario Power Tennis.
Characters
Players are sorted into the respected Challenge Mode teams by their team name after their name in the beginning.
Balance Characters
Balance characters, as the name applies are all-around players.
- Mario-Mario Sunshines: Captain
- Luigi-Mario Sunshines: Captain
- Princess Daisy-Peach Monarchs: Captain
- Birdo-Yoshi Islanders: Captain
- Toad-Peach Monarchs: Sub-Character - Colors: Red, Blue, Yellow, Green, & Purple
- Koopa Troopa-DK Kongs: Sub-Character - Colors: Green & Red
- Shy Guy-Yoshi Islanders: Sub-Character - Colors: Red, Blue, Yellow, Green, & Black
- Goomba-DK Kongs: Sub-Character
Technique Characters
Technique characters are good pitchers and fielders.
- Princess Peach-Peach Monarchs: Captain
- Waluigi-Wario Greats: Captain
- Toadsworth-Peach Monarchs: Sub-Character
- Magikoopa-Wario Greats: Sub-Character - Colors: Red, Blue, Yellow, & Green
- Dry Bones-Bowser Monsters: Sub-Character - Colors: White, Red, Blue, & Green. The red version is the only color with spikes and a horn
- Boo-Wario Greats: Sub-Character
- Paratroopa-DK Kongs: Sub-Character - Colors: Red & Green
- Dixie Kong-DK Kongs: Sub-Character - Unlocked By: Finishing Challenge Mode with Donkey Kong
Power Characters
Power characters, as the name applies are powerful and slow players.
- Wario-Wario Greats: Captain
- Donkey Kong-DK Kongs: Captain
- Bowser-Bowser Monsters: Captain
- Bowser Jr.-Bowser Monsters: Captain
- King Boo-Wario Greats: Sub-Character
- Pianta-Mario Sunshines: Sub-Character - Colors: Red, Blue, & Yellow
- Hammer Brother-Bowser Monsters: Sub-Character - Colors: Red, Blue, & Green - Unlocked By: Finishing Challenge Mode with Bowser
- Petey Piranha-Wario Greats: Sub-Character - Unlocked By: Finishing Challenge Mode with Wario
Speed Characters
Speed characters, as the name applies are fast and bad batters.
- Yoshi-Yoshi Islanders: Captain
- Diddy Kong-DK Kongs: Captain
- Baby Mario-Yoshi Islanders: Sub-Character
- Noki-Mario Sunshines: Sub-Character - Colors: Red, Blue, & Green
- Para-Goomba - DK Kongs: Sub-Character
- Baby Luigi-Yoshi Islanders: Sub-Character - Unlocked By: Finishing Challenge Mode with Yoshi
- Monty Mole-Mario Sunshines: Sub-Character - Unlocked By: Finishing Challenge Mode with Mario
- Toadette-Peach Monarchs: Sub-Character - Unlocked By: Finishing Challenge Mode with Princess Peach
Toadette
Game Modes
Exhibition
A single game of baseball, players choose the Team Captain and a roster of players, and play one game.
Challenge Mode
The heart of Mario Superstar Baseball is the Challenge Mode. It is a single-player mode where the player selects a pre-built team and must defeat all the other teams; at first Bowser's team is the last team to beat for the cup, and must be unlocked before the player can use him. There are six teams, each led by one of the Captains (Mario, Peach, Yoshi, Donkey Kong, Wario and Bowser), features a secondary captain (Luigi, Daisy, Birdo, Diddy Kong, Waluigi and Bowser Jr.), and is filled with a mix of sub characters, some of which are duplicated within a team, but do not appear on any other team. For example, Mario's team consists of Mario, Luigi, Monty Mole, 3 Piantas and 3 Nokis while Princess Peach's team consists of Princess Peach, Princess Daisy, Toadsworth, Toadette, and 5 Toads.
Players challenge the other teams, beating the other four opens the path to Bowser's castle. The secondary purpose of defeating other teams is to recruit other characters to improve ones team. On opposing teams, each character has a set of scouting flags. During the game you will have mission objectives like "Strike 'em out", or "Score a run", that earn flags; if one gets all the flags of a particular character and wins the game, that character will be recruited. Flags are cummulative, so if the player doesn't get all the flags in a game, or loses the game after getting all the flags, the flags earned will remain when the team is challenged again; a team can be challenged as long as the captain of the team is not recruited. Players like Purple Toad & Yellow Magikoopa can't be recruited and can only be played in Minigames and playing with the teams the start on (ex. Green Toad) with Peach
If the team captain is recruited, his or her team will disband; any characters from that team that were not recruited will join a team led by Bowser Jr. Another way to recruit characters is by a mercy win; if either team is leading by at least 10 runs at the end of an inning, the game is called out of mercy to the losing team. If the player wins a game in this fashion, all characters on the opposing team will be so impressed that they will immediately join.
After every game or minigame, Bowser Jr. will wander around the map; if the player challenges him, they will play a game in the bottom of the 9th inning, with the player randomly chosen as visitor or home. If the player's team is the visiting team, then they will have the lead and must stop Boswer Jr. from mounting a comeback; otherwise, it is the player's job to mount a comeback. Beating Bowser Jr. earns the player coins to use in the shop, while losing costs the player coins. Bowser Jr.'s team also has players from disbanded teams that the player can recruit; in which case the only mission objective is "Beat Bowser Jr.".
There is a shop located on the map for purchasing power-ups, each worth a certain number of coins that the player earns from the minigames or Bowser Jr. In order for a Captain to use their special abilities, they must be purchased from the shop; these power-ups are permanent, and can be carried over into other Challenge Mode games by continuing from a previously cleared game. Other power-ups offer a temporary boost to a stat for all characters on their team, but they only last for one game, win or lose.
Another goal during Challenge Mode is the Superstar quest; each character has a set of requirement that earn stars. If a character meets all of his or her requirements, then the character upgrades to a Superstar, and gets a boost in all their abilities. Also, once a character becomes a Superstar, the Superstar version of the character can be used in other game modes. Theres a simple way to figure out the number of superstar missions per player. The captain of the team has 10 mission. The 2nd captain has 8. Unlockables and King Boo, Toadsworth, Baby Mario have 6. Any other player has 4. Note that players like Red Koopa and Black Shy Guy can be unlocked by complting the main changing color player like Blue Pianta & Blue Noki.
There are four difficulty settings for challenge mode that are similar to those of Mario Kart: Double Dash!! - Mushroom (easy), Flower (medium), Star (hard), and Special (very hard). Once you clear Special Cup, then Bowser is selectable as a team captain. When using him as a team captain, the rules slightly change: you have to beat the initial five teams, then face a team composed of nine of the ten main captains and sub-captains (One character is exempt at random); you can still recruit other characters, except the captains and sub-captains; and Bowser Jr. does not wander the map to challenge you.
External links
- [http://www.mariobaseball.com Official Mario Superstar Baseball website]
-
Category: Namco games
Category:Mario sports games
Category:Baseball computer games
Category:GameCube only games
Category:2005 computer and video games
Category:Fictional apes
Apes and gorillas
Category:Apes Diaphora
catégorie:Lépidoptère (noms scientifiques)
Le Diaphora regroupe des insectes lépidoptères de la famille des Arctiidae.
Liste des espèces (à compléter)
- Diaphora mendica
pisanie prac online casinos wynajem gry zrêczno¶ciowe w³adys³awowo pokoje
|
|
|
| :: RELATED NEWS :: |
Gourmet Guy
Gourmet Guy is found in Paper Mario in chapter four. When one train track is broken, the train conductor asks Mario to fix the track with a switch. However, Gourmet Guy stands in the way. There's no way you can get past this guy, because he is gigantic, and the only way you can get past him is by giving him something sweet. You can get the 'sweet' by retreiving the frying pan somewhere in the toy box. When you give Tracy T. the frying pan, she'll make you a cake. then give the cake to Gourmet Guy, then he'll bounce and give you a cookbook. Give
|
|
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Akinrinola
|
|
McIntosh Laboratory
MC275.]]
McIntosh Laboratory is a manufacturer of high end audio equipment based in Binghamton, New York. Founded in 1949 by Frank McIntosh, the company is noted for its extremely high build quality and excellent technical specifications. The "classic" vacuum tube components of
|
1968 Washington, DC riots
The riots of April 4–8, 1968 devastated Washington, D.C. Washington, Chicago, and Baltimore were the cities most impacted by civil unrest in over 110 U.S. cities in the aftermath of the April 4 assassination of
|
|
